Black-White Anti-Immigration Alliance?

Activist fails to rally blacks on illegal-immigration issue
Homeless advocate Ted Hayes is making little ground in uniting those who believe that migrants pose an economic threat.

By Teresa Watanabe, Los Angeles Times Staff Writer

December 31, 2007

The forum seemed tailor-made for Ted Hayes, the Los Angeles activist for the homeless who has become one of the nation's most visible African Americans raising a ruckus about illegal immigration.

A mostly black crowd had gathered at Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church in South Los Angeles for a feisty debate about illegal immigration's effects on the African American community. When Minister Tony Muhammad of the Nation of Islam and others called for black-brown unity, they drew boos and yells of dissent.

"Illegal immigration is wrong! They have no business being in this country!" shouted one audience member, drawing thunderous applause.

But Hayes was nowhere near the podium. He sat in the church's back pew, silent. He had not been invited to speak. In fact, he had been explicitly rejected because panel organizers felt he lacked legitimacy, according to one of them.

And therein lies a conundrum. As immigration becomes a red-hot issue in the presidential campaign, it is stirring volatile sentiments among a sizable number of blacks who believe illegal immigrants are threatening their jobs, housing, healthcare and educational benefits. But no one has been able to unite them and effectively push for their interests.

Certainly not Hayes. Since last year, the 56-year-old lean and lanky activist has tried to rouse blacks against illegal immigration with fiery appearances on national TV, protest marches, civil disobedience and leadership of Choose Black America, an anti-illegal immigration organization launched and financially supported by the Federation for American Immigration Reform.

"Illegal immigration is the greatest threat to blacks since slavery," Hayes declared at a recent Choose Black America meeting in Inglewood. "Immigrants got our jobs, the hospitals, the schools. Black folks can't compete."

So far, Hayes has failed to gain traction. His events go mostly unattended. His organization has managed to recruit only about 50 members nationwide. An Internet appeal to support his crusade netted only about $500, at last count.

A huge misstep, said commentator Earl Ofari Hutchinson, was Hayes' decision to align himself with the Minuteman Project, an anti-illegal immigration group viewed as extremist by many people, including blacks. Founder Jim Gilchrist, who calls Hayes "spectacular," sharply disputes the charge and said Minutemen are patriots of all races who do not engage in violence.

The Minuteman taint continues to reverberate, however. It's one reason the Community Call to Action and Accountability's executive committee rejected Hayes as a panelist for its recent immigration forum, said member Greg Akili.

"When you align yourself with people who have been an anathema to civil rights, people scratch their heads. They say, 'I may support your position but I see you standing with people who I know ain't with me,' " Akili said.

The activist denounces all the charges and says he is no extremist. At least one Latino activist, Nativo Lopez of the Mexican American Political Assn., agrees.

Lopez said he has met with Hayes to discuss common concerns about immigration's impact on blacks and U.S.-Mexico trade and labor policies. Hayes proposed that the two men plan a joint march in support of civil rights and economic justice for Mexicans in Mexico.

"He's not a racist," Lopez said. But the furor has badly damaged him, and Hayes said it illustrates the vicious treatment blacks get when they dare to criticize illegal immigration. Which is why, he added, few black leaders publicly do.

On that point, many of his critics agree.

"In black neighborhoods, most of the folks I encounter are leery of immigrants and most have negative perceptions of them, unfortunately," said Larry Aubry, columnist for the black-owned Los Angeles Sentinel and an executive committee member of the action and accountability group. "But black leadership throughout the community has been frankly derelict in addressing this issue."

A recent Los Angeles Times-Bloomberg poll showed that more than two-thirds of blacks nationwide said that illegal immigration was an important problem. About half supported a pathway to citizenship for those who learn English, pay fines and have no criminal record, compared with 60% of whites.

But more believed illegal immigrants had a negative impact on their community than those who viewed them positively. And blacks generally supported harsher enforcement measures, such as deportation and border security, than whites.

Such sentiments -- and a push from a friend -- helped propel Hayes to take on the controversial issue last year.

Inglewood businessman James Spencer plied him with arguments, Hayes said, that illegal immigrants were draining resources that could otherwise help the homeless on skid row, most of whom are black men.

Hayes knew the issue would jeopardize his homeless work, endanger his safety and strain ties with Latino friends.

He chose to do it anyway, he said, because he could not avoid seeing a link between illegal immigration and diminishing resources for struggling blacks.

"I thought, 'OK, I can suffer for this cause,' " Hayes said.

And he has.

When focused on homelessness, Hayes lived in relative comfort. A $330,000 budget of mostly state and federal grants supported Dome Village, enough to hire a 10-member staff and pay Hayes a $30,000 annual salary as president.

The village, launched in 1993 when the Atlantic Richfield Corp. donated $250,000 to buy 18 portable domed housing units, has sheltered about 500 people since its start, and offered them schooling, job training and other services.

The village was Hayes' most tangible success in a 23-year history of homeless activism. A Georgia native personally seared by Jim Crow racism, Hayes first came to Los Angeles in 1970 and says he found Jesus. He became a born-again Christian and traveling minister, got married, moved to Riverside in 1981 and suffered several business disasters in auto detailing, break-dancing and roofing.

In 1984, Hayes said, God called him forth to a new cause: helping the homeless. As he watched a televised report about Tent City, a two-week gathering of homeless people in downtown Los Angeles at Christmastime, he abruptly decided to join them.

After city officials shut down Tent City on Jan. 2, 1985, Hayes spent the next eight years living on skid row and elsewhere on the streets. With Dome Village, Hayes began receiving international news coverage, visits from the likes of Britain's Prince Edward, help from a raft of community volunteers and, for the first time in many years, a steady paycheck.

Now most of that is gone.

Last year, Dome Village shut its doors after losing its reduced-rate rent and subsequently lost its federal funding. Hayes sold off the domes and, with part of the proceeds, moved his operations to a $2,000-a-month downtown loft. But the money is just about gone, and Hayes is in constant fear of eviction. Today, he lives on monthly unemployment benefits of $1,200, which he said are set to run out next month.

The "dominoes started falling," wife Arlene Hayes said, when news hit in 2005 that Hayes had become a Republican. For whatever reason, his Democratic landlord subsequently raised his rent by 700%, forcing Dome Village to close.

Hayes, whose father was an Army sergeant and a World War II veteran, said he liked President Bush's muscular Mideast foreign policy and supports the Iraq War. Those positions have not endeared him in the largely Democratic black community.

Then Hayes took up immigration, embraced the Minutemen and got slammed even harder.

Hayes makes no apologies for his positions. He does, however, voice regrets about his confrontational style, which has alienated him from such powerful black leaders as U.S. Rep. Maxine Waters (D-Los Angeles) and City Councilwoman Jan Perry -- neither of whom chose to publicly comment on him.

Asked to evaluate his effectiveness, Hayes is unflinchingly blunt. "Horrible. A failure," he said. "I'm a liability to the cause, because I seem to anger more people in power than make them allies." Organizations he began with a flourish, including the Black Elephants Republican group and the anti-illegal immigration Crispus Attucks Brigade, never grew beyond a handful of members.

Choose Black America also has failed to take off -- one reason the Federation for American Immigration Reform has not been entirely thrilled with Hayes' leadership.

Hayes' penchant for confrontation and civil disobedience is not a tactic the federation would use, said national director Susan Tully. "I'm not sure he's the guy to take the organization where it wanted to go," she said.

Hayes said he would likely step down as acting director.

For now, he continues to meet regularly with the dozen or so Choose Black America members in Spencer's Inglewood office. At one recent meeting, initial discussion about immigration-related news quickly turned into tirades about illegal immigrants -- their "slave labor" wages, their use of housing and healthcare benefits, their appropriation of black civil rights symbols for their cause.

But the outbursts masked personal pain. Elzie Alexander, jobless and homeless, said he has applied for dozens of jobs flipping burgers and cleaning hotels but has been turned down each time because he can't speak Spanish. Spencer said nearby hospitals have had to close, which he blames on too many uninsured illegal immigrants.

For speaking up about their plight, the men say they are grateful to Hayes.

"He stood up to the plate when no one else did," Spencer said.

teresa.watanabe@latimes.com
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